Web Server Configuration on RHEL 5
Step-1: To check web server rpm package is installed or not by following this command:
[root@web ~]#rpm -qa | grep –i httpd* php* mod_ssl* mysql* or
[root@web ~]# rpm –qa httpd* php* mod_ssl* mysql*
If not installed, then installed the packages using Yum command:
[root@web ~]# Yum Install httpd* php* mod_ssl* mysql* -y
Step-2: Check and Configure the Network Card:
[root@web ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
(Original File):
#Broadcom Corporation Net link BCM57875 Gigabyte Ethernet PCI Express
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
HWADDR=00:0C:29: EB: B2: CA
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
HWADDR=00:0C:29: EB: B2: CA
ONBOOT=yes
(Modified File):
#Broadcom Corporation Net link BCM57875 Gigabyte Ethernet PCI Express
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=static
HWADDR=00:0C:29:EB:B2:CA
ONBOOT=yes
TYPE=Ethernet
PEERDNS=no
USERCTL=no
IPV6INIT=no
IPADDR=210.207.201.5
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
NETWORK=210.207.201.0
BROADCAST=210.207.255.255
Press Esc → Shift + : → x! → Enter (For Save and Exit the Vi Editor).
After changing you have to reload/restart the NIC(eth0) card by following command:
[root@web ~]# ifdown eth0
[root@web ~]# ifup eth0
[root@web ~]# service network restart
Step-3: After complete the NIC configure you have to change the host name by following this command:
[root@web ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network
(Original File):
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
(Modified File):
NETWORKING=yes
NETWORKING_IPV6=no
HOSTNAME=web.alphabd.net
Press Esc → Shift + : → x! → Enter
Step-4: Now Edit hosts file for host name resolution by following this command:
[root@web ~]# vi /etc/hosts
(Original File):
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
(Modified File):
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
210.207.201.5 web.alphabd.net web
Esc → Shift + : → x! → Enter
Step-5: Edit the resolv.conf file by following this command
[root@web ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf
search alphabd.net
nameserver 210.207.201.1
nameserver 210.207.201.2
Esc → Shift + : → x! → Enter
Change In Primary DNS Server:
Step-6: Edit Forward Lookup zone file for WEB server record
[root@ns1 ~]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/
[root@ns1 named]# vi alphabd.fz
Original File: alphabd.fz
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns1.alphabd.net. root.alphabd.net. (
2011022500 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS ns1.alphabd.net.
ns1 IN A 210.207.201.1
Modified File: alphabd.fz
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns1.alphabd.net. root.alphabd.net. (
2011022501 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS ns1.alphabd.net.
IN NS ns2.alphabd.net.
mail.alphabd.net. IN NS ns3.mail.alphabd.net.
ns1 IN A 210.207.201.1
ns2 IN A 210.207.201.2
web IN A 210.207.201.5
www IN CNAME web.alphabd.net.
ns3.mail.alphabd.net. IN A 210.207.201.3
Esc → Shift + : → x! → Enter
Note: Change The Forward & Reverse Lookup Zone File Serial Number Last two Digit in Primary DNS Server if you change or enter a new record for host, otherwise Secondary DNS server will fail to reload the new record.
Step-7: Edit Reverse Lookup zone file for Web server record
[root@ns1 named]# vi alphabd.rz
Original File: alphabd.rz
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns1.alphabd.net. root.alphabd.net. (
2011022500 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS ns1.alphabd.net.
IN NS ns2.alphabd.net.
1 IN PTR ns1.alphabd.net.
2 IN PTR ns2.alphabd.net.
Modified File: alphabd.rz
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns1.alphabd.net. root.alphabd.net. (
2011022501 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS ns1.alphabd.net.
IN NS ns2.alphabd.net.
mail.alphabd.net. IN NS ns3.mail.alphabd.net.
1 IN PTR ns1.alphabd.net.
2 IN PTR ns2.alphabd.net.
3 IN PTR ns3.mail.alphabd.net.
5 IN PTR web.alphabd.net.
Esc → Shift + : → x! → Enter
Step-8: Check the named.conf & zone file by following this commands,
alphabd.fz
[root@ns1 ~]# named-checkzone alphabd.rz /var/named/chroot/var/named/
alphabd.rz
Step-9: Start & stop all the required services.
[root@ns1 ~]# service iptables stop
[root@ns1 ~]# service network restart
[root@ns1 ~]# chkconfig named on
[root@ns1 ~]# service named restart
Change in Web Server:
Step-10: Now Edit the main web server configuration file for Configuring Web Server:
[root@web ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Directives | Description | Line Number | Original File Text | Modified File Text |
Listen | Specify the Port Number where apache will listen on | 134 | 80 | 210.207.201.5:80 |
ServerAdmin | e-mail address of the server administrator | 251 | root@localhost | root@alphabd.net |
ServerName | Put the host name(FQDN)of web server | 265 | www.example.com:80 | www.alphabd.net:80 |
DocumentRoot | Specify the html file location of the web server | 281 | “/var/www/html” | “/var/www/html” |
DirectoryIndex | Set the type of index file type | 391 | Index.html index.html.var | Index.html index.php default.asp |
NameVirtualHost | Set web Server IP which will contain the virtual host | 972 | *:80 | 210.207.201.5:80 |
Tips: To edit httpd.conf file set Line number & enter Follow the method.
Esc→set number→Enter→Esc→Shift+ :→type line number which you want to edit → Enter→go to insert mode → then edit→Save & Exit.
Step-11: If DNS is not use for virtual hosting in web server then put the web site name and IP address in to the /etc/hosts file in web server machine. The Configuration file will look like this,
[root@web ~]# vi /etc/hosts
# Do not remove the following line, or various programs
# that require network functionality will fail.
127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost
210.207.201.5 www.alphabd.net www
210.207.201.5 www.networkingsolution.com www
210.207.201.5 www.linuxzone.com www
Virtual Hosting: Virtual hosting means, hosting many websites in a single server. There are two types of virtual hosting, “Name Based” and IP based virtual hosting. Name Based virtual hosting is popular hosting, because it reduce IP wastage. You can enable your web server to host more than one web site using a single IP address by using apache “NameNirtualHost” feature.
Name-base Virtual Hosting
In this tutorial we will create two virtual web site in a web server,One will be www.networkingsolution.com and another is www.linuxzone.com that can be access with any browser.
Change In Primary DNS Server:
Step-1: Go to Primary DNS Server and create two zone file named networkingsolution.fz and alphabd.fz in /etc/named .conf file and also create two zone file into /var/named/chroot/var/named/ directory.
[root@ns1 ~]# vi /etc/named.conf
Original File:
// named.rfc1912.zones:
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package
//
// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by
// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
options {
directory "/var/named";
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "localdomain" IN {
type master;
file "localdomain.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "localhost" IN {
type master;
file "localhost.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.ip6.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "255.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.broadcast";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.zero";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "alphabd.net" IN {
type master;
file "alphabd.fz";
allow-update { 210.207.201.2; };
};
zone "201.207.210.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "alphabd.rz";
allow-update { 210.207.201.2; };
};
Modified File:
// named.rfc1912.zones:
//
// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package
//
// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by
// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones
//
// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.
//
options {
directory "/var/named";
};
zone "." IN {
type hint;
file "named.ca";
};
zone "localdomain" IN {
type master;
file "localdomain.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "localhost" IN {
type master;
file "localhost.zone";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.ip6.local";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "255.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.broadcast";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "named.zero";
allow-update { none; };
};
zone "alphabd.net" IN {
type master;
file "alphabd.fz";
allow-update { 210.207.201.2; };
};
zone "201.207.210.in-addr.arpa" IN {
type master;
file "alphabd.rz";
allow-update { 210.207.201.2; };
};
zone "networkingsolution.com" IN {
type master;
file "networkingsolution.fz";
};
zone "linuxzone.com" IN {
type master;
file "alphabd.fz";
};
Esc → Shift + : → x! → Enter
Step-2: Now create two zone file named networkingsolution.fz and alphabd.fz
[root@ns1 ~]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/
[root@ns1 named]# cp localhost.zone networkingsolution.fz
[root@ns1 named]# vi networkingsolution.fz
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns1.networkingsolution.com. root.networkingsolution.com. (
2011022500 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS ns1.networkingsolution.com.
ns1 IN A 210.207.201.1
web IN A 210.207.201.5
www IN CNAME web.networkingsolution.com.
Step-3: Now Copy & rename the networkingsolution.fz file in to alphabd.fz then edit.
[root@ns1 named]# cp networkingsolution.fz alphabd.fz
$TTL 86400
@ IN SOA ns1.linuxzone.com. root.linuxzone.com. (
2011022500 ; serial (d. adams)
3H ; refresh
15M ; retry
1W ; expiry
1D ) ; minimum
IN NS ns1.linuxzone.com.
ns1 IN A 210.207.201.1
web IN A 210.207.201.5
www IN CNAME web.linuxzone.com.
Change in Web Server Machine:
As the web site of alphabd.net DocumentRoot is /var/www/html/ , So we have to create two more directory into this directory for containing our two web site, So lets take look the steps,
Step-4:
[root@web ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/networkingsolution
[root@web ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/alphabd
Step-5: Now Edit the main web server configuration file for Configuring Virtual host:
[root@web ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Go to the end of the Configuration file and put this configure,
<VirtualHost 210.207.201.5:80>
ServerAdmin root@alphabd.net
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
ServerName www.alphabd.net
ErrorLog logs/www.alphabd.net-error_log
CustomLog logs/www.alphabd.net-access_log common
</virtualHost>
<VirtualHost 210.207.201.5:80>
ServerAdmin root@networkingsolution.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/networkingsolution
ServerName www.networkingsolution.com
ErrorLog logs/www.networkingsolution.com-error_log
CustomLog logs/www.networkingsolution.com-access_log common
</virtualHost>
<VirtualHost 210.207.201.5:80>
ServerAdmin root@linuxzone.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html/alphabd
ServerName www.linuxzone.com
ErrorLog logs/www.linuxzone.com-error_log
CustomLog logs/www.linuxzone.com-access_log common
</virtualHost>
Step-5: Now create a sample index.html file into those directories and restart the http services.
Creating index.html file for alphabd.net
[root@web ~]# cd /var/www/html
[root@web ~]# vi index.html
<html>
<title>alphabd.net</title>
<body bgcolor=”skyblue”>
<center><h3>Web Administration</h3></center
<marquee> Wellcome to www.alphabd.net </marquee>
</body>
</html>
Creating index.html file for networkingsolution.com
[root@web ~]# cd /var/www/html/networkingsolution/
[root@web ~]# vi index.html
<html>
<title>networkingsolution.com</title>
<body bgcolor=”skyblue”>
<center><h3>Web Administration</h3></center
<marquee> Wellcome to www.networkingsolution.com </marquee>
</body>
</html>
Creating index.html file for networkingsolution.com
[root@web ~]# cd /var/www/html/alphabd/
[root@web ~]# vi index.html
Step-6: Now restart the http services.
[root@web ~]# service iptables stop
[root@web ~]# service network restart
[root@web ~]# service httpd restart
Step-7: Now Check the web Server form Linux or Windows
For Linux:
[root@client01 ~]# vi /etc/resolve.conf
search alphabd.net
nameserver 210.207.201.1
nameserver 210.207.201.2
Now Browse the wibe site using any Browser.
For Windows:
Set the DNS server IP address on your NIC properties then Browse the site with any Browser.
