Configure Web Server on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5

Web Server Configuration on RHEL 5

Change in Web Server:

Step-1:  To check web server  rpm package is installed or not by   following this command:

[root@web ~]#rpm -qa | grep –i httpd*  php*  mod_ssl* mysql* or

[root@web ~]# rpm –qa httpd*  php* mod_ssl* mysql*

            If not installed, then installed the packages using Yum command:

[root@web ~]# Yum Install httpd*  php* mod_ssl* mysql* -y

Step-2: Check and Configure the Network Card:

[root@web ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

(Original File):

#Broadcom Corporation Net link BCM57875 Gigabyte Ethernet PCI Express

DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
HWADDR=00:0C:29: EB: B2: CA
ONBOOT=yes

(Modified File):

#Broadcom Corporation Net link BCM57875 Gigabyte Ethernet PCI Express

DEVICE=eth0

BOOTPROTO=static

HWADDR=00:0C:29:EB:B2:CA

ONBOOT=yes

TYPE=Ethernet

PEERDNS=no

USERCTL=no

IPV6INIT=no

IPADDR=210.207.201.5

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

NETWORK=210.207.201.0

BROADCAST=210.207.255.255

Press Esc → Shift + : → x! → Enter (For Save and Exit the Vi Editor).

After changing you have to reload/restart the NIC(eth0) card by following command:

[root@web ~]# ifdown eth0

[root@web ~]# ifup eth0

[root@web ~]# service network restart

Step-3:  After complete the NIC configure you have to change the host name by following this                             command:

[root@web ~]# vi /etc/sysconfig/network

(Original File):

NETWORKING=yes

NETWORKING_IPV6=no

HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain

(Modified File):

NETWORKING=yes

NETWORKING_IPV6=no

HOSTNAME=web.alphabd.net

Press Esc → Shift + : → x! → Enter

Step-4: Now Edit hosts file for host name resolution by following this command:

[root@web ~]# vi /etc/hosts

(Original File):

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.

127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain localhost

(Modified File):

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.

127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain localhost

210.207.201.5   web.alphabd.net      web

Esc → Shift + : → x! → Enter

Step-5:  Edit the resolv.conf file by following this command

[root@web ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf

search alphabd.net

nameserver 210.207.201.1

nameserver 210.207.201.2

Esc → Shift + : → x! → Enter

Change In Primary DNS Server:

Step-6:  Edit Forward Lookup zone file for WEB server record

[root@ns1 ~]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/

[root@ns1 named]# vi alphabd.fz

Original File:  alphabd.fz

$TTL 86400

@          IN SOA     ns1.alphabd.net.       root.alphabd.net. (

                           2011022500 ; serial (d. adams)

                           3H         ; refresh

                           15M        ; retry

                           1W         ; expiry

                           1D )       ; minimum

           IN NS     ns1.alphabd.net.

ns1      IN A       210.207.201.1

Modified File:  alphabd.fz

$TTL 86400

@          IN SOA     ns1.alphabd.net.       root.alphabd.net. (

                           2011022501 ; serial (d. adams)

                           3H         ; refresh

                           15M        ; retry

                           1W         ; expiry

                           1D )       ; minimum

           IN NS     ns1.alphabd.net.

           IN NS     ns2.alphabd.net.

mail.alphabd.net.          IN NS      ns3.mail.alphabd.net.

ns1        IN A      210.207.201.1

ns2        IN A      210.207.201.2

web        IN A      210.207.201.5

www        IN CNAME  web.alphabd.net.

ns3.mail.alphabd.net. IN A 210.207.201.3

Esc → Shift + : → x! → Enter

Note:  Change The Forward & Reverse Lookup Zone File Serial Number Last two Digit in Primary DNS Server if you change or enter a new record for host, otherwise Secondary DNS server will fail to reload the new record.

 Step-7:  Edit Reverse Lookup zone file for Web server record

[root@ns1 named]# vi alphabd.rz

Original File:  alphabd.rz

$TTL 86400

@          IN SOA     ns1.alphabd.net.       root.alphabd.net. (

                           2011022500 ; serial (d. adams)

                           3H         ; refresh

                           15M        ; retry

                           1W         ; expiry

                           1D )       ; minimum

             IN NS        ns1.alphabd.net.

             IN NS        ns2.alphabd.net.

1            IN PTR       ns1.alphabd.net.

2            IN PTR       ns2.alphabd.net.

Modified File:  alphabd.rz

$TTL 86400

@          IN SOA     ns1.alphabd.net.       root.alphabd.net. (

                           2011022501 ; serial (d. adams)

                           3H         ; refresh

                           15M        ; retry

                           1W         ; expiry

                           1D )       ; minimum

           IN NS      ns1.alphabd.net.

           IN NS      ns2.alphabd.net.

mail.alphabd.net.     IN NS ns3.mail.alphabd.net.

1          IN PTR     ns1.alphabd.net.

2          IN PTR     ns2.alphabd.net.

3          IN PTR     ns3.mail.alphabd.net.

5          IN PTR     web.alphabd.net.

Esc → Shift + : → x! → Enter

Step-8:    Check the named.conf & zone file by following this commands,

[root@ns1 ~]# named-checkzone  alphabd.net  /var/named/chroot/var/named/

alphabd.fz

[root@ns1 ~]# named-checkzone  alphabd.rz   /var/named/chroot/var/named/

alphabd.rz

Step-9:  Start & stop all the required services.

[root@ns1 ~]# service iptables stop

[root@ns1 ~]# service network restart

[root@ns1 ~]# chkconfig named on

[root@ns1 ~]# service named restart

Change in Web Server:

Step-10:  Now Edit the main web server configuration file for Configuring Web Server:

[root@web ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Directives	Description	Line Number	Original File Text	Modified File Text
Listen	Specify the Port Number where apache will listen on	134	80	210.207.201.5:80
ServerAdmin	e-mail address of the server administrator	251	root@localhost	root@alphabd.net
ServerName	Put the host name(FQDN)of web server	265	www.example.com:80	www.alphabd.net:80
DocumentRoot	Specify the html file location of the web server	281	“/var/www/html”	“/var/www/html”
DirectoryIndex	Set the type of index file type	391	Index.html index.html.var	Index.html index.php default.asp
NameVirtualHost	Set web Server IP which will contain the virtual host	972	*:80	210.207.201.5:80

Tips: To edit httpd.conf file set Line number & enter Follow the method.

Esc→set number→Enter→Esc→Shift+ :→type line number which you want to edit → Enter→go to insert mode → then edit→Save & Exit.

Step-11:  If DNS is not use for virtual hosting in web server then put the web site name and IP address in to the /etc/hosts file in web server machine. The Configuration file will look like this,

[root@web ~]# vi /etc/hosts

# Do not remove the following line, or various programs

# that require network functionality will fail.

127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain           localhost

210.207.201.5   www.alphabd.net                 www

210.207.201.5   www.networkingsolution.com      www

210.207.201.5   www.linuxzone.com               www

Virtual Hosting:  Virtual hosting means, hosting many websites in a single server. There are two types of virtual hosting, “Name Based” and IP based virtual hosting. Name Based virtual hosting is popular hosting, because it reduce IP wastage. You can enable your web server to host more than one web site using a single IP address by using apache “NameNirtualHost” feature.

Name-base Virtual Hosting

In this tutorial we will create two virtual web site in a web server,One will be www.networkingsolution.com and another is www.linuxzone.com that can be access with any browser.

Change In Primary DNS Server:

Step-1:  Go to Primary DNS Server and create two zone file named networkingsolution.fz and alphabd.fz  in /etc/named .conf file and also create two zone file into /var/named/chroot/var/named/ directory.

[root@ns1 ~]# vi /etc/named.conf

Original File:

// named.rfc1912.zones:

//

// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package

//

// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by

// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones

//

// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.

//

options {

     directory "/var/named";

};

zone "." IN {

     type hint;

     file "named.ca";

};

zone "localdomain" IN {

     type master;

     file "localdomain.zone";

     allow-update { none; };

};

zone "localhost" IN {

     type master;

     file "localhost.zone";

     allow-update { none; };

};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {

     type master;

     file "named.local";

     allow-update { none; };

};

zone "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {

        type master;

     file "named.ip6.local";

     allow-update { none; };

};

zone "255.in-addr.arpa" IN {

     type master;

     file "named.broadcast";

     allow-update { none; };

};

zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {

     type master;

     file "named.zero";

     allow-update { none; };

};

zone "alphabd.net" IN {

     type master;

     file "alphabd.fz";

     allow-update { 210.207.201.2; }; 

};

zone "201.207.210.in-addr.arpa" IN {

     type master;

     file "alphabd.rz";

     allow-update { 210.207.201.2; };

};

Modified File:

// named.rfc1912.zones:

//

// Provided by Red Hat caching-nameserver package

//

// ISC BIND named zone configuration for zones recommended by

// RFC 1912 section 4.1 : localhost TLDs and address zones

//

// See /usr/share/doc/bind*/sample/ for example named configuration files.

//

options {

     directory "/var/named";

};

zone "." IN {

     type hint;

     file "named.ca";

};

zone "localdomain" IN {

     type master;

     file "localdomain.zone";

     allow-update { none; };

};

zone "localhost" IN {

     type master;

     file "localhost.zone";

     allow-update { none; };

};

zone "0.0.127.in-addr.arpa" IN {

     type master;

     file "named.local";

     allow-update { none; };

};

zone "0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.ip6.arpa" IN {

        type master;

     file "named.ip6.local";

     allow-update { none; };

};

zone "255.in-addr.arpa" IN {

     type master;

     file "named.broadcast";

     allow-update { none; };

};

zone "0.in-addr.arpa" IN {

     type master;

     file "named.zero";

     allow-update { none; };

};

zone "alphabd.net" IN {

     type master;

     file "alphabd.fz";

     allow-update { 210.207.201.2; }; 

};

zone "201.207.210.in-addr.arpa" IN {

     type master;

     file "alphabd.rz";

     allow-update { 210.207.201.2; };

};

zone "networkingsolution.com" IN {

     type master;

     file "networkingsolution.fz";

    

};

zone "linuxzone.com" IN {

     type master;

     file "alphabd.fz";

    

};

Esc → Shift + : → x! → Enter

Step-2:  Now create two zone file named networkingsolution.fz and alphabd.fz

[root@ns1 ~]# cd /var/named/chroot/var/named/

[root@ns1 named]# cp localhost.zone  networkingsolution.fz

[root@ns1 named]# vi networkingsolution.fz

$TTL 86400

@          IN SOA     ns1.networkingsolution.com.       root.networkingsolution.com. (

                           2011022500 ; serial (d. adams)

                           3H         ; refresh

                           15M        ; retry

                           1W         ; expiry

                           1D )       ; minimum

           IN NS     ns1.networkingsolution.com.

ns1        IN A      210.207.201.1

web        IN A      210.207.201.5

www        IN CNAME  web.networkingsolution.com.

Step-3: Now Copy & rename the networkingsolution.fz file in to alphabd.fz then edit.

[root@ns1 named]# cp networkingsolution.fz  alphabd.fz

$TTL 86400

@          IN SOA     ns1.linuxzone.com.       root.linuxzone.com. (

                           2011022500 ; serial (d. adams)

                           3H         ; refresh

                           15M        ; retry

                           1W         ; expiry

                           1D )       ; minimum

           IN NS     ns1.linuxzone.com.

ns1        IN A      210.207.201.1

web        IN A      210.207.201.5

www        IN CNAME  web.linuxzone.com.

Change in Web Server Machine:   

As  the web site of alphabd.net DocumentRoot is /var/www/html/ , So we have to create two more directory into this directory for containing our two web site, So lets take look the steps,

Step-4:

[root@web ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/networkingsolution

[root@web ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/alphabd

Step-5:   Now Edit the main web server configuration file for Configuring Virtual host:

[root@web ~]# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Go to the end of the Configuration file and put this configure,

<VirtualHost 210.207.201.5:80>

     ServerAdmin     root@alphabd.net

     DocumentRoot    /var/www/html

     ServerName      www.alphabd.net

     ErrorLog        logs/www.alphabd.net-error_log

     CustomLog       logs/www.alphabd.net-access_log common

</virtualHost>

<VirtualHost 210.207.201.5:80>

     ServerAdmin     root@networkingsolution.com

     DocumentRoot    /var/www/html/networkingsolution

     ServerName      www.networkingsolution.com  

     ErrorLog        logs/www.networkingsolution.com-error_log

     CustomLog       logs/www.networkingsolution.com-access_log common

</virtualHost>

<VirtualHost 210.207.201.5:80>

     ServerAdmin     root@linuxzone.com

     DocumentRoot    /var/www/html/alphabd

     ServerName      www.linuxzone.com  

     ErrorLog        logs/www.linuxzone.com-error_log

     CustomLog       logs/www.linuxzone.com-access_log common

</virtualHost>

Step-5:   Now create a sample index.html file into those directories and restart the http services.

Creating index.html file for alphabd.net

[root@web ~]# cd /var/www/html

[root@web ~]# vi index.html

<html>

<title>alphabd.net</title>

<body bgcolor=”skyblue”>

<center><h3>Web Administration</h3></center

<marquee> Wellcome to www.alphabd.net </marquee>

</body>

</html>

Creating index.html file for networkingsolution.com

[root@web ~]# cd /var/www/html/networkingsolution/

[root@web ~]# vi index.html

<html>

<title>networkingsolution.com</title>

<body bgcolor=”skyblue”>

<center><h3>Web Administration</h3></center

<marquee> Wellcome to www.networkingsolution.com </marquee>

</body>

</html>

Creating index.html file for networkingsolution.com

[root@web ~]# cd /var/www/html/alphabd/

[root@web ~]# vi index.html

Step-6:  Now restart the http services.

[root@web ~]# service iptables stop

[root@web ~]# service network restart

[root@web ~]# service httpd restart

Step-7:   Now Check the web Server form Linux or Windows

For Linux:

[root@client01 ~]# vi /etc/resolve.conf

search alphabd.net

nameserver 210.207.201.1

nameserver 210.207.201.2

Now Browse the wibe site using any Browser.

For Windows:

Set the DNS server IP address on your NIC properties then Browse the site with any Browser.